Me, Myself and I Essay

My Family, I admit I had a big family. My family is not perfect like others. Well, I just say that we are living well. Ate at least 3x a day, wear a normal dresses bond with them at least once a month. However, sometimes we did not expect some circumstances and trials that came into our lives. Although we are not complete, we did not lose hope instead, we kept holding each other’s hand, always pray unto God to support and never let go of us, and give us enough strength to face it. That is all I can tell about my family. I do not want to talk about some stuffs regarding about my family because it is kindda controversial. Ok I’ll get to introduce myself first. HAHA†¼ I am Kaye Osorio Bautista, 15 years of age. Likes? Well am not that kind of brat person if they do like me, I like them too. If they do not like me, I guess I do not like them too. That is my attitude always depends on person on how you are going to treat me. I had many of friends. Real friends I guess? Maybe because am just being so true for them. In my everyday’s lives I can’t control myself being prank with them †¦ even though am that kind of person, they still love me so I loved them back. My friends call me any kind of endearment they want or just my name. Humble, kind, silly, youthful, adorable, naughty, talkative, joyful, sometimes sweet, lovable, and bossy HAHA†¼ That’s all I can say about me and I’m very proud of being me. My future Plans. After being licensed Police of course, I used to get my stable work. Earn moneys, help my family and also I’m planning to take a short-term course which is Culinary Arts, because for me eating sweets are my stress relievers and I want to know about more pasturing . Example of essay about myself.

Essay About Effect Of Pollution Essay

Earth, a beautiful planet fill with various animals and plants. Clean air for living things to breath and an amazing assortment of nature for all to share. It is our responsibility to pass down this gift of nature intact to the future generation. We should take care of the environment by not polluting it. Clean technologies should be utilised to improve better living and not pollute the Earth. The common pollution that we see everyday is air, land and water pollution. Water pollution is caused by chemicals and water that were dumped into the river, lake and sea. The polluted water will slowly kills all the fishes, plants and animals which drinks the water. Eventually, human will be affected too as there won’t be clean water to drink and fishes or sea food as food. Humans can also get diseases from contaminated water or seafood that comes from polluted water. Gases and chemicals released by factories and cars will eventually produced acid rain. The acidic rain causes buildings to decay, damages trees and many other human-made structures. Air pollution will also cause breathing difficulties in humans, lung cancer and worsen asthma. Deforestation due to the rapid increase of population and industrialization will seriously damage Earth. By excessive cutting of trees, the earth will slowly lose its cover which leads to soil erosion, worsening greenhouse effect and global warming. We should all wake up and realised that we need to pollute less and take care of mother nature, otherwise it will be too late to save the environment.

Business ethics Essay

In business there will always be the line to act with integrity or to lie, cheat, and steal. Famous author Douglas Adams once said, â€Å"To give real service you must add something which cannot be bought or measured with money, and that is sincerity and integrity† (Heathfield, n. d). The priority of any business is to serve the needs and wants of the customer and more important his or her stakeholders. Any business decision made in major corporations must line up with stakeholder’s interests, but more important stakeholders have the social responsibility to represent in the best interest of the entire corporation. The prevalence of so many major scandals with corporations caught in the public is drawing much needed attention on concepts of ethic, and social responsibility. Ethics and corporate responsibility is a direct application of the ideas of in business practice. This papers purpose is to explain the role of ethics and social responsibility in building a strategic plan while incorporating the stakeholder interests. Business execs have the responsibility to adhering to the unspoken ethics they have only not taught but also have enforced by society and the law. Ethics are inherently common sense decisions made by those in authority with the power to affect an entire organization. When, business executives make decisions they must consider business ethics and the organizations (stakeholders) values. Once the essential questions ask is, â€Å"Do the organization’s values reflect accepted society values? (Young, 2004) Business executives must execute strategic business plans where they take into account not only each value associated with each choice, but the consequences of each choice. The interests of the stakeholder are one of the prime obligations of an organization. The demands of the stakeholders are generally to increase profits; this is echoed by economist Milton Friedman, the â€Å"one and only one social responsibility of business† is â€Å"to increase its profits,† assuming an honest and open marketplace†. (Bigelow, 2013), According to Friedman also that corporations owe no responsibilities to society. However, critics will disagree that corporate social responsibility is always to put the customer first, which ensures a customer’s happiness and loyalty. Stakeholders are not only investors into companies but they also have voting power, which carries social, and financial influence within the company. Their social responsibility is to the customers and to the employees (Jones, 2012). They have decision power, and ultimate control over allocation of resources. Corporations and organizations ultimately exist to satisfy the needs and agendas of the stakeholders. The problem lies in, however; when the needs and the agendas of the stakeholders can blur the line between what is ethically right and what is considered against the law. The organization’s obligation to the stakeholder is as much as a priority as the relationship to the public. â€Å"The relationship between a customer and a firm exists because of mutual expectations built on trust, good faith, and fair dealing in their interaction† (Ferrell). When creating a strategic business plan the organization must incorporate its social responsibilities for the customer, and prevent any ethical dilemmas. Clear examples that recently have captivated the news over the decade has been the highly publicized cases of Waste Management, Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, HealthSouth, which exaggerated earnings to meet the expectations of stakeholders, Freddie Mac, AIG, Bernie Madoff, and host of others. These examples of accounting fraud, manipulation of books, and stealing from clients made by top executives in the position to meet the expectations of stakeholders and not making ethically sound decisions. To prevent these scandals from occurring, ruining not only the organization, the employees but also the public’s faith within the corporate world, according to research ethical risk management is an option dependent on the infrastructure in which it promotes ethical conduct and standards. The directives and the support from management in the way it manages potential problems with the lack of ethical standards. Because of the number of scandals not only have businesses implemented stronger measures for ethical practices but also have the legal systems. The establishment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002, which came after the scandal of WorldCom, was because the number of major corporations collapsing under the weight of their own unethical practices. According to the SEC, â€Å"the Act mandated a number of reforms to enhance corporate responsibility, enhance financial disclosures and combat corporate and accounting fraud, and created the â€Å"Public Company Accounting Oversight Board,† also known as the PCAOB, to oversee the activities of the auditing profession† (SEC, 2012). Ethics is a fundamental part of compliance and governance systems. Ethics explicitly should integrate into the elements of strategic planning in businesses. In determining the roles that factor into managing stakeholder’s interests ethically organizations must first take into consideration that the business is the first line of defense in taking responsibility for managing and supervising corporate responsibility effective in accordance with the level of influence the business set by the organization. Executives in a position to communicate to stakeholders must always implement ethical decisions when balancing their needs and the organizations’. The executives must be responsible in providing clarification and verification of ethical standards in place. The executives must drive the culture and work environment of compliance toward ethical standards and practices to ensure the effectiveness. Business ethics is important in every organization and the main responsibility is to act with integrity and honesty. References Ferrall, O. C. (2004). Business ethics and customer stakeholders. Academy of Management Executive, 18(2), retrieved from http://danielsethics. mgt. unm. edu/pdf/Customer Stakeholders. pdf. Bigelow, L. (2013). What are the social responsibilities of a company to its stakeholders? Hearst Newspapers, Retrieved from http://smallbusiness. chron. com Heathfield, S. (n. d. ). Inspirational quotes for business and work: Integrity. Retrieved from http://humanresources. about. com Young, P. (2004). Ethics and risk management: Building a framework. Risk Management, 6(3), 23-34. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org â€Å"The Laws That Govern the Securities Industry. † (2012). SEC. Retrieved from http://www. irmi. com/expert/articles/2005/head02. aspx.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 230

Essay Example I strongly feel that the social setting within which colleges are run is perfectly ideal for people from different backgrounds to build relationships. These relationships are not, however, confined to partnerships of love. People from different races end up in the same classes and can, therefore, appreciate the beauty of human diversity at a better scale. Colleges can also be viewed as impacting positively on the students’ leisure time. I cannot start to think of how boring life would be if these four years were spent otherwise or elsewhere other than in college. To qualify this argument, it is important to think of the many professional athletes that build their careers during their stay in college. Most professional baseball, basketball, tennis and even boxing players make their careers out of their talents identified mostly during college. Growing one’s talent forms part of the reasons why most people end up enrolling in colleges (Caldwell, pp 514). It is unimaginable of how crooked citizens would be if they did not pass through the college system of education. It is here that behaviors are shaped, and morals of otherwise immoral people perfected. To a great extent, parents too are beneficiaries of the college system. Their sons and daughters are taught about life, by life itself, away from home. This way, parents do not have to go through the monotonous duty of shaping their children’s attitudes towards life. In a nutshell, college education can be seen as an avenue of civilization. Most business partners, the world over, have a previously shared life. This shared life usually ends up being their college life. Students have the chance, albeit unknowingly, in fostering future business partnerships while they are still in college. It happens more often that the supplier of raw materials to a manufacturing company was a fellow student to the founder of the

Risk & Security Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Risk & Security Management - Essay Example Today, researchers are plagued by the difficulty to define emergency, disaster, and crisis and, more importantly, by the difficulty in distinguishing these definitions and concepts from one another. Modern literature generally defines emergency as â€Å"actual or threatened accidental or uncontrollable events that are concentrated in time and space, in which a society, or a relatively self-sufficient subdivision of a society undergoes severe danger, and incurs such losses to its members and physical appurtenances that the social structure is disrupted and the fulfillment of all or some of the essential functions of the society, or its subdivision is prevented† (Fischer 1998). In other words, an emergency situation is always about accidental or the risk of accidental events that are both uncontrollable and are concentrated in time in space. Emergency is anything that involves or causes the inevitable disruption of the critical social or organizational functions: for example, th e breach of the computer system is naturally followed by the organization’s inability to process its customer information effectively (Moore & Lakha 2006). Objectively, the discussed definition of emergency implies that before security and risk managers can call the situation â€Å"a disaster†, the major social and organizational functions must be severely disrupted (Culp 2002, Roper 1999). In this sense, it would be correct to assume that emergency is the starting point and is the first stage of crisis development which, if not prevented and addressed, will readily transform into what managers call ‘a disaster’.

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Globalization - Essay Example Due to globalization, ‘unhealthy’ foods have been promoted in different parts hence encouraging people to consume ‘trendy’ foods. In this regard, I suffered obesity after consuming fast foods for a long time. On the other hand, there are three most important global issues facing the world currently. Firstly, many countries in the world are facing tough economic times due to global inflation. On this basis, there are countries classified as third world because of low economic status while those of high economic status are referred to as first world. Secondly, the world has increasing suffered social problems associated with globalization. For example, due to free movement and improved technology, cases of terrorism have increased in different countries. Lastly another major global issue in the world is the spread of diseases classified as international disasters. For instance, diseases such cancer and HIV have made governments to spent a lot of money in research and purchase of

Anti-diabetic medication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anti-diabetic medication - Research Paper Example Monotherapy with Metformin is effective in controlling the blood glucose levels in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM), however, it can also be used in conjunction with other oral hypoglycaemic drugs such as sulfonylureas and are effective in eliminating the use of insulin therapy (Dunn & Peters, 1995). Metformin is highly recommended in NIDDM patients because of its good glycaemic control, therefore it is crucial to understand its pharmacodynamics, adverse effects, contraindications, drug interactions, dosage and basic patient education for an effective prescription. The major action of metformin is decreasing the hepatic production of glucose and also reduces the intestinal absorption of glucose after meals. The better aspect about metformin is that it does not stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells, like the sulfonylureas. This removes any risk of causing hypoglycaemia in the NIDDM patients. Metformin has proved to reduce the HbA1c levels by 1% to 2% (Tindal, Sedrak, & Boltri, 2014). Metformin also increases the peripheral glucose uptake and increases the insulin sensitivity of tissue to insulin. These effects are helpful in improving glucose tolerance and also reduce the basal and the post-prandial levels of blood glucose. Metformin has also shown through clinical studies that it reduces the plasma lipid levels through its action on liver. It lowers total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, low-density lipids and increases high-density lipids. It is also effective in reducing platelet aggregation and makes the blood les s viscous (Wynee, Woo, & Millard, 2002). Metformin is used in the treatment of NIDDM as a monotherapy or in combination with other oral hypoglycemic drugs. It is especially of importance in obese patients who cannot use sulfonylureas, because metformin does not cause weight gain and also reduces plasma lipids (Wynee, Woo, & Millard, 2002). Metformin has shown in studies that if it is used in

Ethics of Medic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics of Medic - Essay Example This is termed as the principle of beneficence. They have to take actions that supply the welfare of patients. In this case, the nurse had the obligation of ensuring that the chemotherapy was stopped since the boy saw no chances of surviving. However, in this case, there seems to be a conflict between beneficence and autonomy principles of ethics. Ashcroft et al (2007) acknowledge that the principle of autonomy realizes the rights of people to self-determination, and is based on the society’s respect for people’s aptitude to make knowledgeable decisions about personal issues. In this case, the patient’s personal decision conflicted with his personal welfare. The nurse has a responsibility of ensuring the patient’s welfare and carrying out the new, aggressive course of chemotherapy. In many situations, nurses have administered medication to patients without informing them of the benefits or consequences of such a medication. According to Ashcroft et al (2007), a patient should be fully aware of the implications of any medication administered to him or her. An uninformed person or patient is at the danger of making choices and decisions that are not as per his or her wishes or will. Medical practitioners can only make decisions on a patient on medication only if the individual is incapacitated. The nurse’s action to follow the physician’s instructions to administer the antidepressant medication to all patients was unethical. The nurse should have informed the physician that it was unethical and that the patients needed to be aware of the medication they receive in the hospital. Medical health practitioners have long avowed that they are obligated to avoid doing harm to their patients. In this case, the physician and the nurse are against the ethical maxim of non-malfeasance.

Career for an IT Specialist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Career for an IT Specialist - Essay Example Rapid changes in the field make it a prerequisite for the individual to remain relevant to the industry. The IT specialist is in general responsible for decomposing business requirements and subsequently designing, developing, implementing and maintaining business application systems. The skill set required for an IT specialist includes; Good communication skills - must be able to work in close coordination with the client and assist in requirements gathering, authoring of business documents, system development, system coding and delivery. Being able to the develop software code/s with the help of multiple sets of software development tools like C++, Java, XML, JSP, JSF, HTML, DHTML, Javascript, UML, SQL, Oracle, Visual Studio.NET, ASP.NET Since the job involves managing the development teams, time and requirement management, some employers also require a degree in 'Management' as well. In fact an IT specialist with an MBA proves to be a big asset for the organisation, and the career graph of the individual too appears promising if he/she is able to apply requisite application of management skills with the IT techniques. The fresher is required to have a degree in computer science, information science, management information systems (MIS) or related area. Besides the internship opportunities, as a fresher the IT graduate can join an organisation as; An IT executive, after joining an organisation/ company, starts g... et for the organisation, and the career graph of the individual too appears promising if he/she is able to apply requisite application of management skills with the IT techniques. Entry Level Jobs in IT field The fresher is required to have a degree in computer science, information science, management information systems (MIS) or related area. Besides the internship opportunities, as a fresher the IT graduate can join an organisation as; Software developer Technical/ software support executives Network engineer e-marketing consultant Business development executives Marketing/ sales executives (for IT services) IT Helpdesk support executive Career Advancement Opportunities An IT executive, after joining an organisation/ company, starts gaining in experience. And if he continues to put sincere efforts towards taking care of all his/her responsibilities, the management prefers to reward such people. After working for about a year or two as support executive, he/she gets the chance to become senior support executives, then team leader, network administrator, system programmer, Quality Assurance/Testing Experts, business continuity professional etc. Thereafter comes the then managerial positions and there is no looking back for a suitably qualified and sincere person. Moreover, once the individual gets an exposure in a company, gains some experience and feels confident about the his/ her work, he graduates to become an 'experienced' person from a fresher. Subsequently, there are plenty of opportunities in other companies/ organisation, who happen to be on the lookout for experienced people. Currant Salary Ranges and Fringe Benefits Salaries in the IT sector varies from region to region and different companies offer different types of pay packets and fringe benefits.

Roles, responsibilities and relationships in lifelong learning Essay Example for Free

Roles, responsibilities and relationships in lifelong learning Essay Within your role and responsibility as a member of teaching staff you will be expected to follow what is referred to as a Code of Professional Practice (2008). This outlines the key aspects of teaching legislation and the regulatory requirements. It is your duty to maintain professional integrity and uphold the reputation of the professional institute. Identifying the needs of both the institute and of the learners is fundamental. Your scheme of work will demonstrate the integrity and reputation of the institute you represent, whilst also facilitating the needs of the learners. Therefore, it is your responsibility as a member of our teaching staff to meet the professional requirements valued by the institute, and to be accountable for the scheme of work that you teach to the learners. It is your responsibility to behave in a professional manner that does not damage the reputation of the institute. Utilising your Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programme, it is also your responsibility to keep up to date with any new developments within your specialist subject (Specific Legislation), and new teaching practises via the IFL (Generic Legislation). Some key aspects of generic legislation are: Code of Professional Practice (2008) this code was developed by the Institute for Learning (IfL) and covers aspects of: †¢ professional integrity †¢ respect †¢ reasonable care †¢ professional practice †¢ disclosure †¢ responsibility. Children Act (2004) Every Child Matters provided the legal requirements for five key aspects: †¢ be healthy †¢ stay safe †¢ enjoy and achieve †¢ make a positive contribution †¢ achieve economic well-being. Equality act (2010) This brings disability, sex, race and other grounds for discrimination into one legislation. It covers nine key aspects: †¢ age †¢ disability †¢ gender †¢ gender identity †¢ race †¢ religion and belief †¢ sexual orientation †¢ marriage and civil partnership †¢ maternity and pregnancy. Equality in general means that everyone is treated equally and fairly this has been underpinned with appropriate legislation which ensures that this happens both for the teacher and in the learning environment. Diversity takes this all one step further by ensuring that you value the differences between individuals. For example you may have a mixed group of students with differing levels of ability or experience who are aiming to achieve the same qualification but at a different level, you could set different activities or targets for them in order to gain the qualification. The Equality Act 2010 provides rights for people not to be directly discriminated against or harassed because they have an association with a disabled person or are perceived to be disabled. Each learner is an individual who should be treated as an equal and with respect regardless of gender, marital status, sexual orientation, disability, race, nationality, age, religion or circumstance. Within the learning environment there should be codes of practice which ensure staff are aware of the law and how to implement it into their job roles. The laws relating to equal opportunities can be developed into an inclusive strategy as shown by Kandola and Fullerton, Equal OpportunitiesDiversity and Inclusion Concentrates on removing discriminationMaximises learner potential Can be an issue for disadvantaged groupsIs relevant to all learners Relies on positive action by manager and the organisation as a wholeRelies on implementing policies and practices in contest Equality is about the rights of the students to have access to and participate and attend within their chosen learning environment. Inclusive learning is about involving all students, treating them equally and fairly. Some students could feel excluded during the session if their particular needs were not met. Therefore through initial assessment or the induction process any needs could be identified. As a teacher you should try to promote a positive culture of equality of opportunity within the sessions whereby all students can attend, participate and feel safe and valued. My roles and responsibilities in lifelong learning are primarily to have teaching and learning strategies which are appropriate to your specialist area. The first time you meet your learners they will subconsciously make assumptions about you, and it is through your behaviour, verbal (and non-verbal) communication, i. e. body language, that you will correct these assumptions. It is important that you do not make any judgements or assumptions. You must remember to be aware of your gestures, facial expressions etc, as your learners will pick up on these characteristics. Communication is key and most importantly, it is your personality and passion for your subject that will inspire your learners. As learners enter in to the classroom they will look at their surroundings, at the teacher and at each other. To ensure this has a positive effect on the learner you should: †¢Be on time †¢Smile †¢Be welcoming †¢Look clean and presentable †¢Be prepared †¢Look calm and organised and confident †¢Ensure the room is prepared for the learners †¢Friendly introductions. The teaching and learning cycle is so called as it can begin at any stage and keep on going. The role of a teacher will usually follow, †¢Identifying needs – finding out what your organisations, your own and potential students needs are, carrying out initial assessments and agreeing individual learning plans †¢Planning learning – preparing a scheme of work, session plans and teaching and learning materials to ensure you cover the requirements of the syllabus †¢Facilitating learning – teaching and facilitating learning using a variety of approaches †¢Assessing learning – checking your students have gained the necessary skills and knowledge †¢Quality assurance and evaluation obtaining feedback from others, evaluating yourself and the programme in order to make improvements for the future. Students need to know why it is important for them to learn, what they are going to learn and how they will do this. One way to make sure your learners have a positive learning experience is to analyse how learners learn. A teacher who understands what helps a learner learn is a better teacher as they recognise the differences are prepared to alter their teaching to suit those differences this is called differentiation. Kolb proposed a four stage experiential learning cycle by which people understand their experiences and as a result modify their behaviour. Honey and Mumford based their analysis on how people learn on Kolb’s learning cycle. They advocate that people either learn best by either doing something (activist), by thinking back on something (reflector), by investigating ideas and concepts (theorist) or by finding relevance or association (pragmatist). Students should be motivated to learn as their keenness to learn will affect their attention and learning ability. Maslow introduced a Hierarchy of needs in 1954, he felt that objects should be removed that prevent a person from achieving their goals. He argued that there are five needs which represent different levels of motivation which must be met. When students satisfy their needs at one level they should be able to progress to the next. To help student’s motivation you should ensure that the learning environment you create meets your students first level needs. You should try to have a purposeful learning environment where your students feel safe, secure, confident and valued. Teaching and learning strategies will vary according to what you want to get out of the session, the time allowed and what materials and resources are available. In order to ensure that you are meeting individual’s needs you will have to understand learning strategies. These are visual, auditory and kinaesthetic (VAK) learning styles, designed by Honey and Mumford, and based on a theory first established by David Kolb. Honey and Mumford designed a Learning Styles Questionnaire (LSQ) which helps identify learning needs. Examples of Visual learning techniques, use cards, posters, prompt sheets, display tasks on boards, supplement verbal exposition with pictures and diagrams etc. Auditory learning techniques, talk through ideas, ask questions and listen to learners. Kinaesthetic learning techniques, use breaks to get learners moving, locate different activities in different parts of the room, use role play or practical activities etc. You may encounter learners that have a higher sensitivity to kinaesthetic learning, than either visual or auditory. The LSQ is recommended if you are to successfully identify the learning needs of your students, and design a scheme of work that differentiates each individual effectively. Within the learning environment it is important to promote appropriate behaviour and respect for others. Setting ground rules is a highly effective method. If you include everyone from the beginning in setting the ground rules (via an icebreaker) they will feel more involved and will be more likely to adhere to them. For example, if you simply told your learners how to behave they may oppose it. If however you initiate an open discussion, your conclusive material will be more effective as the learners will take ownership of the rules they have set. At the forefront of every session should be a beginning, a middle and an end, this structure will ensure that you have an organised approach to teaching and learning. This will help to organise the learners and also help with classroom atmosphere. An initial or diagnostic assessment is a formal way of ascertaining you student’s prior skills or knowledge of the subject to be taken and whether they have any specific needs. Diagnostic tests can also be taken to diagnose information with regards to literacy, language and computer skills. The information gained from these can help to plan sessions to meet any individual needs or to arrange further training or support if necessary. Initial assessment will allow for, †¢Differentiation and individual requirements to be met †¢Ensure students are on the right programme level †¢Ensure the student knows what is expected of them †¢Identify an appropriate pace at which each student will progress. †¢Identify any information which needs to be shared with colleagues †¢Identify additional support needs †¢Identify learning styles †¢Identify transferable skills The results can help with individual learning plans (ILP’s) or action plans with your students, ensuring they are on the right level. Within the learning environment you will have professional boundaries within which to work and it is important not to overstep these by becoming too personal with your students. Boundaries are about knowing where your role as a teacher stops and working effectively within the limits of that role. You need to be in control, fair and ethical with all your students and not show any favouritism towards any particular students, for example by giving one student more support than the others. You may not want to take your break with students or join their social networking sites as you could overstep the mark into being a friend rather than a teacher. Boundaries could also be constraints of your teaching job, for example, the amount of paperwork you need to complete or lack of funding or resources. Other professionals with whom you may need to liaise with are other professionals. These could be other teachers, support workers, administration staff etc. You may also need to liaise with other people such as parents, guardians, inspectors and visitors. You should always remain professional when in contact with others and not overstep the boundary of your role. When you attend meetings or professional events you must act professionally at all times. Some students may have needs, barriers or challenges to learning that may affect their attendance or achievements. Knowing the boundaries of the teacher’s role is essential to an effective learning environment. The interests of the learner is most important and as a teacher we would like to help but are we really the most effective person for the learner to consult. The Behaviour Code 3 of the IfL Code of Professional Practice states: â€Å"Members shall take reasonable care to ensure the safety and welfare of learners and comply with relevant statutory provisions to support their wellbeing and development. † Your students may trust you and tell you something confidential, however you may need to pass this information on to more experienced people, particularly if your student is vulnerable and or in need of expert help. You may encounter students with varying degrees of needs, therefore you should remain impartial but sensitive. Although you may think you can deal with some of these needs it may be better to seek help or advice or refer your student to someone who can help. You should always refer your students to an appropriate specialist or agency if you can’t deal with their needs. Never feel you have to solve your student’s problems yourself and do not get personally involved. You could find out what is available internally within the organisation or where you can refer them externally. Records must be maintained, not only to support the teaching and learning process but also for inspectors, auditor’s verifiers and external quality assurers. The information contained in records helps to measure learning and the effectiveness and appropriateness of the programme overall. Information such as attendance, progress or achievement could be shared with colleagues. If accurate records are not maintained your student’s progress could become unstructured and their achievements may not be documented. Records must be up to date, accurate and legible. Records can be useful for your organisation for accidents, appeals, equal opportunities and funding purposes. Records should be kept confidential and secure at you organisation. The Data Protection Act 2003 is mandatory for all organisations that hold data. As a teacher you must work within the boundaries of the law and professional values. There are many laws, directives and professional ethics which are updated often. The main Acts and rules which we should refer to are, Health and Safety at work Act 1974 – which states that everyone has a responsibility for the safety of themselves and others. Therefore rules must be followed and safe practices adhered to. The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 – this legislation seeks to prevent unsafe practices and minimise risk, e. g fire and emergency procedures, first aid at work and safe handling practices. Risk Assessment – All activities have an element of risk, it is the teacher’s responsibility to assess the level of the risk and establish practices to minimise risk and record such activities. Child Protection Guidelines – Eg Crb checks (criminal record bureau). Keeping records is a fundamental part of the teacher’s role, this can be kept on paper or electronically. The documents are required for, auditing purposes, information gathering, Quality assurance systems, health and safety management and financial accountability. Although paperwork is time consuming it must be completed regularly and accurately. Other departments may need to refer to your paperwork, claim funding or allocate appropriate support for learners. Communication is the key to encouraging student motivation and respect, managing behaviour and disruption and becoming a successful teacher. It should always be appropriate and effective and to the level of your students. If there is a disruption you need to handle this professionally to minimise any effect it may have on teaching and learning. This behaviour must be addressed immediately and not ignored. Good behaviour and motivation can be maintained by keeping sessions active and teaching your subject in an interesting and challenging way. Behaviour patterns could highlight the need for additional support as disruption could be a way of asking for help. You should lead by example and always be polite, show respect and say please and thank you, this will help encourage this respectful behaviour in your students. Within the learning environment you should also promote respect between students by encouraging trust, honesty, politeness and consideration.

The Importance Of Street Lighting Construction Essay

The Importance Of Street Lighting Construction Essay Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Street lighting ensures safety to literally every citizen in Sri Lanka by providing guidance and direction across the vast territories throughout the country. Citizens have grown accustomed to driving the streets, rural roads and busy urban thoroughfares, relying on improved visibility and safety afforded them by generous lighting conditions provided by several street light standards of the roadways. Similarly, the safety and ability to maneuver along walkways and sidewalks, in both congested and remote areas, is tremendously enhanced for pedestrians and cyclists. Street lights must be designed therefore to minimize glare and render enhanced colour recognition to meet peoples visual needs in observing objects. 1.2 Importance of Street Lighting Street lighting is an essential public service that provides a safer environment at nighttime to commuters as well as pedestrians. Proper use of street lighting can be considered as a protective method which provides economic and social benefits to the people including: Elimination in night time accidents and economic loss Aid to police protection and enhanced sense of personal security Facilitation of smooth traffic flow Promotion of business activities and the use of public interactions during the night hours. While this service is commonly available in developed countries, there is a shortage of proper street lighting facilities in many areas in developing countries due to lack of financial resources. The lack of adequate light at night has given rise to poor living conditions and as such, street crimes, and other mishaps are commonplace. Street lighting is perhaps more interesting topic for politicians to gain their supporters. It is the most conversable topic among people and essential activity of local authorities, Pradesheya Sabhas and municipalities where the electrical consumption can be considered as having a totally stable load pattern (kWh) during designated operating hours for each and every day. The number of lights and power requirements stay relatively steady over the nightly operating period. The only real variation is the quantity of operating hours each evening as determined by the time of the year. On the other hand, some degree of weather is varying where photo cell control systems exist during dark and misty time periods where areas like upcountry. As such, we have very predictable load patterns and energy values for street lighting that mostly operate including peak power extracting time periods considering the Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) national grid. One opportunity to address the demand-side of this issue is to save electricity via technological upgrades of street lighting with the help of municipalities and local authorities. Electricity used for streetlights accounts for up to 1.1% of electricity used by national grid stated in Statistical digest in 2011, published by CEB. It is worth noting that large amount of non-metered street lighting profiles exhibit a steady state operation on a month by month basis despite the fact that the new street lamp installations have been grown by 30% annually as revealed by street lamp census in 2010. This strategy will be worst during the election periods. Thus, the virtual billing value which is submitted by local authorities to the power and energy ministry, do not truly represent the actual load profiles. In response to the plotting of the billing information, both municipalities and local authorities have to be taken action to ensure true representation of load profiles with representing of CEB personnel to witness the actual requirements of the street lighting equipments. The electrical energy consumption of street lighting constitutes an important part of total energy consumption. Saving energy in street lamps is therefore important for total energy savings. It is known that street lighting levels are excessive in many cases. For instance, in the case of low traffic volumes, the lighting levels are excessive and could be reduced so that energy savings can be achieved. On the other hand, in specific situations and for traffic safety reasons, light levels should be increased even in the case of low traffic volume. Reductions in energy consumption through the installation of modern lighting equipment, control and management practices have a direct impact on the level of greenhouse gas emissions from street lighting. Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are directly related to reductions in energy consumption; hence the potential savings are of the same order and vice versa. 1.3 Motivation This research keeps the focus on energy efficiency measures in the street lighting sector. The street lighting situation in Sri Lanka is still largely dominated by inefficient technologies, most importantly standard incandescent, low efficiency fluorescent tube or mercury and sodium vapour lamps. Although cost-effective when regarded over the full lifespan of the lamp, more efficient options, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), induction lamps and solar powered systems struggle to penetrate the market. Several promotion programs for energy efficient lighting can be found by the government in recent past ( reference). This research is concerned with possibilities to promote the approach of energy efficient street lighting technologies for grid-connected or off grid usage in Sri Lanka. This approach is initiated to evaluate the economic, technical, and operational feasibility of replacing the existing street lamps with LED light sources. Specifically, the following areas were evaluated as part of this research: Energy and maintenance cost savings of LED lamps over the existing street lamps Energy and maintenance cost savings of solar powered LED lamps over the existing street lamps Optimum luminance that should be maintained on various roads and streets in compliance with British and IESNA standards and comparable those to the streets lighted by the existing High Pressure Sodium (HPS) vapour lamps which were installed in most of the town and highly congested areas where more luminance is needed. Cost-effectiveness of deploying a photocell or timer switching for street lamp operation. The energy and maintenance cost savings are key inputs to the cost-effectiveness analysis of LED. The performance metrics in the economic analysis includes simple payback as well as the net present value of cost savings over the lifetime of the LED fixtures. This research findings point out the key market barriers for technology uptake in the street lighting sector and discusses the current state of technology promotional programs. 1.4 Objectives of the research The first objective of the research is to get an inventory verification of various kinds of street lamps connected in all over the country and secondly, to analyze the performance of existing lamps and its control systems. Road surface luminance is one of the control parameters in intelligent road lighting control systems. The third objective is to identify the optimized luminance intensity on the roads as part of assessment for efficient street lighting systems. The final objective is to find a best option for energy efficient street lighting. At present, in urban roadway lighting applications, High Pressure Sodium (HPS) and mercury vapour lamps which are the most widely used light sources. In semi urban and rural area road lighting, fluorescent lamps and CFL is widely applied. LEDs are fast developing light sources and are considered as one promising light source for general lighting. However, LEDs are not used already for street lighting applications in Sri Lanka, since the initial cost of LED is very high as yet. Currently, HPS lamps are the dominant light source used in street lighting because of long lamp life time and high luminous efficacy. The research assessment is a comparative life cycle assessment including other economical analysis which was performed on Incandescent lamp, Fluorescent lamp, High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamp, Mercury Vapour lamp, Induction lamp and Light Emitting Diode (LED) streetlight technologies. It also focused on the categories of energy efficiency, light quality, global warming affects ect. The majority of streetlights are individually controlled by manual operation and some are by photocell and timer switch. It is revealed that some local authorities such as Colombo Municipal Council (CMC), have installed and upgraded a system that allow light levels to be controlled in certain time periods in addition to the photocell operation. Maintenance of streetlights consists almost entirely of replacing burnt bulbs or other defective components. Lights controlled by photocell are not monitored remotely in Sri Lanka and are replaced when reported by complaints of people or noticed during regular inspections. Bulb replacement is performed by relevant local authorities or municipalities. 1.5 Outline of this Report This research conducted a detailed study of how to implement an energy efficient street lighting technologies in Sri Lanka. This study provides the data and analysis necessary to evaluate whether changing existing street lighting system is a worthwhile investment, not only economically but environmentally as well. The adoption of newer technologies could save the millions of rupees in each year by minimizing both energy and environmental costs while reserving them to invest in other infrastructure upgrades. This thesis consists of seven chapters including the literature review, methodology, case studies, economic analysis and results, and discussion. The literature review is the chapter 2 which explains the basics behind street lighting, the different types of lighting technologies, how they work, how they affect the environment, and how they meet current lighting requirements along with their advantages and disadvantages. The methodology chapter explains how the study was conducted with a detailed explanation of both methodologies and economic calculations. This chapter presented a series of calculations to verify the data which are relevant to this study. How the data was applied to these methodologies will also be explained in chapter 3. This research thesis consists of three case studies. First one is the basic structure of this thesis, so that, the street lamp survey conducted to find out the total no of lamps in the country. It gives a basic understanding of the main end-use applications and target sectors of the different lamp types, control systems and an idea of the energy efficiency potential available in the street lighting sector. The second is illumination evaluation for HPS lamps connected in Galle road section. The auto operated street lighting system implemented in Balangoda town area and street lighting control system conducting in Sri Lanka also discussed as the case study 3 in this chapter. All these case studies are presented in chapter 4. The chapter 5 consists of economic analysis for all case studies and sets the insights gained throughout the research is enlightened by economic analysis. The economic performance was calculated as simple-payback for substitution of LED and solar powered LED soluti ons to the existing lamps that includes in accounting for lamp life-span, maintenance costs, and electrical costs. Conclusion chapter covers the results from the study to include their sensitivity to changes in costs associated with power production, maintenance costs, fixture costs, and service life. Environmental costs with carbon emissions savings and impacts were also calculated and discussed with regards to the different lighting technologies including solar powered stand along LED system. Finally, discussion chapter reviews the findings of this study and recommends the course of action that should be taken for implementation of energy efficient street lighting along with areas for future research.

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Bride :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Bride Well, I guess this is slightly unusual – a brides speech - but those of you who know me will also know that the chance of me being able to keep me mouth shut while everyone else does a speech was pretty slim. So I’m sorry for adding another speech to the list but, if it’s any consolation, I’ll try to keep it short. Also, there are a few things that I want to say that no-one else will so please bear with me. If this sounds like a bad Oscar acceptance speech, I do apologise! I’d like to thank Rachael for being my bridesmaid today. She’s been helpful, supportive and all the things a bride could ask for. The only problem is, she looks completely stunning in her dress so I’ve had to sit her as far away from me as possible! Rachael, I’ve got a little something for you. Now, you know someone is a true friend when they re-arrange their holiday so that they can be at your wedding. Sarah (and Andy too of course!) did just that and I will be eternally grateful. Over the past months, she’s been there with a cup of tea and a listening ear whenever I’ve needed her, she’s been with me to dress fittings and on numerous shopping expeditions, she helped get everything ready this morning and, she even offered to do my make-up – and if that isn’t a sign of pure bravery, I don’t know what is. We were actually at school together and suffered numerous French, English and Science classes together so I hope today has been more magnifique than monstrous. I’ve also got a little gift for you. By the way, just to warn you all, this could be the start of the emotional bit so if I start blubbing, feel free to throw me a tissue. Mum and Dad, what can I say? You seen me grow up, you’ve helped me develop and mature into the person that I am today and I hope you think all your hard work has been worth while. I love you both very much and hope you feel happy today rather than sad, for this is only the start of a new chapter, rather than the end of the book. I’ve got a couple of gifts for you – one will help you celebrate you new found freedom and another will, if you look after it like you looked after me, also grow and thrive.

The year that was...2000 :: essays research papers

The year that was†¦ 2000 Dubbed â€Å"The Year of the Dragon† by the Chinese, the first year of the 21st century was packed with too many exciting and interesting occurrences to be easily forgotten. Take a trip down memory lane and revel in the year that was†¦2000. NEWS International  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Researchers from two competing teams announced in June that they separately had completed a rough blueprint of all the genes of the human body. The accomplishment was hailed as one of the greatest scientific achievements of all time -- as well as one of the most frightening.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the closest U.S. presidential elections in history was rife with controversy after George Bush was declared the winner Local  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American journalist, Claudia Kirschoch went missing in Jamaica, apparently on the grounds of Sandals Negril. Accusations have been made that she was partying with some stranger and after that night went missing. From then on a search was launched but she was not found. It is now thought that she either eloped or got murdered.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In July, Jamaica’s first locally cultured test tube baby was conceived and transferred to the patient’s womb at the newly opened in vitro fertility (IVF) laboratory at the University Hospital of the West Indies.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales and heir to the British throne visited Jamaica for three days, February 28 to April 1, as a part of his Caribbean tour SPORTS  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Summer Olympics was held in Sydney, Australia. The Jamaican athletes took home 4 silver and 3 bronze medals  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Merlene Ottey was cleared to compete in the 2000 Olympics, after her 2-year suspension by the IAAF, after she tested positive for the steroid nandrolone. ENTERTAINMENT Movies – Some top grossing movies of 2000 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mission Impossible 2 – highest grossing movie of 2000 with worldwide box office returns of 545.4 million 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charlie’s Angels 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  X-men 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scary Movie 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cast Away Music International  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet song-swapping service Napster came under heavy legal fire this year from the five giants of the US recording industry – Warner Brothers, EMI, Sony, BMG, and Universal – who sued to shut down the service, citing alleged copyright infringement.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The tune Who Let the Dogs Out performed by the Bahamen was ridiculously overplayed but it was fun.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eminem He may be vile, violent, decrepit, insensitive, moronic, misogynistic, homophobic, offensive, and repugnant, but Eminem's ability to throw down rhymes that outraged nearly everyone helped The Marshall Mathers LP rack up massive sales throughout 2000. No one was more controversial.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carlos Santana won 9 grammy awards A few more hits of 2000

Book Review of That Eye, The Sky by Tim Winton :: Book Review

I have chosen to read the book â€Å"That Eye, The Sky† by Tim Winton. The front cover isn’t very appealing- it has a picture of a house in the outback, with the night-sky covering it. I have picked this book because one of the school librarians have recommended it to me, and said that it is a very moving book. And that it will expand my vocabulary. The blurb suggests that ‘That Eye, The Sky’ has little bit to do with the supernatural, which I’m a bit wary of. I don’t enjoy reading books that haven’t much to do with things â€Å"out of this world†. Actually, I don’t really enjoy reading books that are written about things outside of what I know as familiar. But we’ll see how I go. The main character in this story is Morton â€Å"Ort† Flack, and he is twelve years old. He lives in outback Western Australia with his mother, father, older sister, Tegwyn (I have had so much trouble with the pronunciation of her name!), and his grandma. His mum is a housewife and works on their farm, I’m not sure what his dad would be classified as but he works for Ort’s best friend’s dad, Bill Cherry, who he is obliged to run personal errands for. Ort looks up very much to his father, and his parents are very much in love. His sister is a typical sixteen-year-old. She constantly fights with her parents, rebels against everything and practises self-mutilation- â€Å"Real careful she takes the smoke out of her mouth and looks at the hot end and put it in one of her tits and shivers†- (ok, maybe that last part isn’t typical but she is a teenager living in the bush with nowhere to go and no chance to have friends or get out of the bush so I, as a teenager, can justify why she would do something like that). It is never mentioned what his grandmother is suffering from but I’ve made the assumption that it’s something along the lines of Alzheimer’s- she doesn’t remember anything and has slowly withered away. Ort as the youngest likes to make sure everyone is living their lives alright so he spies on his sister, grandma and parents just to see what they do when they don’t know anybody’s watching. I thought this part was a bit perverted at first, but it can be translated as his way of feeling safe and making sure everyone else is safe.

Violation of the Law

â€Å"Do you think that most people will break laws and violate traditional moral values if they are confident that they would not be caught†, you may ask? Of course, naturally, people will violate the laws if they can guarantee themselves not to be caught. Explaining further, if they are sure that there are no consequences to what they are about to do then of course, they have the greatest tendency to break the law.   In cases where they have seen people who violated but did not get caught, this particular incident will provide them more confidence in themselves that to break the law will not do them any bad consequence, and that they would not even get caught then all the more that they will carry on with their plan. In psychology, the aforementioned may be logically explained by B.F. Skinner through his theories known as Positive and Negative Reinforcements (Encarta, 2007). Explaining further, he defined Positive Reinforcement as something which motivates a certain action simply by an administered reward (Encarta, 2007). In our case the reward or what motivates the person to do the act, which is violation or breaking of the law, is the fact that, he or she is confident that he or she would not be caught (Encarta, 2007). It is a positive reinforcement the individual set by himself to motivate him to carry out such an act (Encarta, 2007). For the purposes of comparison, Negative Reinforcement is technically defined as boosting an action through the removal of an â€Å"aversive stimulus† (Reinforcement, n.d.). Again, let us look into the case in question (Reinforcement, n.d.). Here, if the individual knows that he or she will be caught violating the law, then surely he or she will no longer carry out such an act (Reinforcement, n.d.). Knowing that he or she would be caught is the Negative Reinforcement set here to prevent the act from occurring (Reinforcement, n.d.). To explain further, allow me to provide another example: An individual who may want to protest against the government may be motivated to do so especially if he knows that he won’t get caught (Reinforcement, n.d.). On the other hand, a person may not push through with the plan of returning a wallet he took since he knows this will be a reason for him to get caught and will surely be punished for it (Reinforcement, n.d.). References Encarta. (2007). B.F. Skinner. Retrieved September 24, 2007 from http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563008/Skinner_B(urrhus)_F(rederic).html Reinforcement. (n..d.). Retrieved September 24, 2007 from http://www.psychology.uiowa.edu/Faculty/wasserman/Glossary/reinforcement.html   

Nestle Operations

THE NESTLE STORY Nestle S. A. the present Switzerland based international food group, originally consisted of two companies and two products: Henri Nestle and his baby food in Vevey, and the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk company and its condensed Milk Company and its condensed milk in Cham, both in Switzerland. In 1866 the Page Brothers form the United States set up a new industry in Cham, making condensed milk from a raw material that was available in abundance in the region. In 1867 Henri Nestle a chemist in Vevey, created a milk and cereal based food for babies.The companies competed vigorously until 1905, when they merged and became the starting point of the present food group.MEANING OF NESTLE: Henri Nestle endowed his company with the symbol derived from his name. His family coat of arms, the nest with a mother bird protecting her young, became the Company's logo and a symbol of the Company's care and attitude to life-long nutrition. The Nestle nest represents the nourishment, security and sense o f family that are so essential to life.BRIEF HISTORY OF NESTLE: 1866 -1905In the 1860s Henri Nestle, a pharmacist, developed a food for babies who were unable to breastfeed. 1905-1918 In 1905 Nestle merged with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company. By the early 1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, Britain, Germany and Spain.. 1918 -1938 . The 1920s saw Nestle's first expansion into new products, with chocolate the Company's second most important activity. 1938 -1944 Nestle felt the effects of World War II immediately. Profits dropped from $20 million in 1938 to $6 million in 1939.Factories were established in developing countries, particularly Latin America. Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the Company's newest product, Nescafe, which was a staple drink of the US military.. 1944 -1975 In 1947 came the merger with Magi seasonings and soups. Crosse & Blackwell followed in 1950, as did Findus (1963), Libby's (1971) and Stouffer's (1973). Diversification came with a shareholding in L'Oreal in 1974. 1975 -1981 Nestle made its second venture outside the food industry by acquiring Alcon Laboratories Inc.. 1981 -1996Nestle divested a number of businesses1980 / 1984. In 1984, Nestle's improved bottom line allowed the Company to launch a new round of acquisitions, the most important being American food giant Carnation. 1996+ The first half of the 1990s proved to be favorable for Nestle: trade barriers crumbled and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Since 1996 there have been acquisitions including San Pellegrino (1997), Spillers Pet foods (1998) and Ralston Purina (2002). There were two major acquisitions in North America, both in 2002: in July, Nestle merged its U.S. ice cream business into Dreyer's, and in August, a USD 2. 6bn acquisition was announced of Chef America, Inc NESTLE TODAY Nestle is now the world’s largest food company. It is present on five continents, has an annual turnover 70 billion Swiss francs ,runs 522 factories in 81 countries, 200operating companies, 1basic research center and 20 technological development group and more than 231,000 employees the world over. The Nestle factories are operating in the region of   Africa America Asia Europe OceaniaBeing a company dedicated to food from the beginning, Nestle remains sensitive to culinary and eating habits, and responds to specific nutritional problems, whilst also setting and matching new trends such as growing out-of-home consumption and caring about the well being of its consumers.MISSION STATEMENT Nestle, believe that research can help them make better food so that people live a better life. Good Food is the primary source of Good Health throughout life. Nestle strive to bring consumers foods that are safe, of high quality and provide optimal nutrition to meet physiological needs.In addition to Nutrition, Health and Wellness, Nestle products bring consumers the vital ingredients of tas te and pleasure. As consumers continue to make choices regarding foods and beverages they consume, Nestle helps provide selections for all individual taste and lifestyle preferences. Research is a key part of heritage at Nestle and an essential element of future. There is still much to discover about health, wellness and the role of food in lives, and continue to search for answers to bring consumers Good Food for Good LifeVISION STATEMENTThe Nestle global vision is to be the leading health, wellness, and Nutrition Company in the world.NESTLE BRANDS At Nestle, products are developed keeping consumers, their preferences and health in mind. Millions of consumers the world over trust Nestle products for good reason: when they choose a Nestle product they have the satisfaction of choosing quality, taste, variety, convenience and the good nutrition. With over 140 years of experience and expertise, Nestle take great pride in bringing us a portfolio of health and wellness because happy, he althy consumers are important to Nestle.The ten principles of business operations Nutrition, Health and Wellness Nestle core aim is to enhance the quality of consumers’ lives every day, everywhere by offering tastier and healthier food and beverage choices and encouraging a healthy lifestyle. Nestle express this viatheir corporate proposition Good Food, Good Life. Guided by their commitment to Nutrition, Health and Wellness, they work to increase the nutritional value of their products while also improving taste and enjoyment. Nestle also develop brand communication and information that encourages and empowers onsumers to make informed choices about their diet. Quality assurance and product safety Everywhere in the world, the Nestle name represents a promise to the consumer that the product is safe and of high standard. Nestle commitment is never to compromise on the safety of any product. Their Quality Policy summarizes the essentials of their passion for excellence:to build trust by offering products and services that match consumer expectation and preference;to comply with all internal and external food safety, regulatory and quality requirements.Quality is everybody’s commitment. Nestle continuously challenge theirselves in order to constantly improve and achieve the highest levels of quality. It maintain the same high food safety standards in all countries in which they operate. They ensure the delivery of high quality products through their Quality Management System. Consumer communication Nestle is committed to responsible, reliable consumer communication that empowers consumers to exercise their right to informed choice and promotes healthier diets.They respect consumer privacy. Their core business strategy is built around helping consumers to have a balanced, healthier diet. The Nestle Consumer Communication Principles contain mandatory rules on marketing communication to all consumers, including accurate representation and portrayal of foods in a way that does not encourage over? consumption. In addition, specific principles guide their communication to children including no advertising or marketing activity to children under 6 years of age.Advertising to children from 6 to 12 years is restricted to products that meet predetermined nutritional profiling criteria, including clear limits on energy and healthsensitive ingredients such as sugars, salt, saturated fat and trans fatty acids. Human rights in business activities Nestle fully support the United Nations Global Compact’s (UNGC) guiding principles on human rights and labor and aim to provide an example of good human rights and labor practices throughout nestle business activities.Leadership and personal responsibility Nestle success is based on their people. It treat each other with respect and dignity and expect everyone to promote a sense of personal responsibility. Nestle recruit competent and motivated people who respect their values, provide equal opportunities for their development and advancement, protect their privacy and do not tolerate any form of harassment or discrimination. Nestle Management and Leadership PrinciplesNestle Management and Leadership Principles describe the culture and basic values they expect their employees to uphold, as well as the attributes needed to be successful in management and leadership Safety and health at work Nestle is committed to preventing accidents, injuries and illness related to work, and to protect employees, contractors and others involved along the value chain. Nestle Policy on Safety and Health at Work establishes safety as a non-negotiable priority of their culture.They recognize and require that everyone play an active role in providing a safe and healthy environment, and promote awareness and knowledge of safety and health to employees, contractors and other people related to or impacted by their business activities by setting high standards. Nestle monitor their performance t hrough the Nestle Occupational Safety and Health Management System to assure a safe and healthy life. Supplier and customer relations Nestle require their suppliers, agents, subcontractors and their employees to demonstrate honesty, integrity and fairness, and to adhere to their non-negotiable standards.In the same way, they are committed to their own customers. The Supplier Code includes requirements such as business integrity, sustainable operating and agricultural practices, labor standards, safety, health and environmental . practices. Agriculture and rural development Nestle contribute to improvements in agricultural production, the social and economic status of farmers, rural communities and in production systems to make them more environmentally sustainable.To ensure that their factories obtain raw materials competitively and at required quality and safety specifications Nestle engage in developing sustainable agricultural practices and systems that contribute to long-term pr oduction efficiency, viable incomes for farmers and the transfer of agricultural knowledge to suppliers;Nestle support the application of new technologies and advances in agricultural science, including the opportunities offered by bioscience when their positive effect on food safety, environment, agricultural practices and production efficiency are scientifically confirmed and accepted by consumers. Environmental sustainability Nestle commit themselves to environmentally sustainable business practices.At all stages of the product life cycle they strive to use natural resources efficiently, favor the use of sustainably managed renewable resources, and target zero waste. They invest continuously to improve their environmental performance. Water Nestle is committed to the sustainable use of water and continuous improvement in water management. It recognize that the world faces a growing water challenge and that responsible management of the world’s resources by all water users is an absolute necessity. Water is a particular area of focus for Nestle. The Nestle Commitments on Water set out their priorities nd objectives on responsible water usage. These are to continue their efforts to reduce the amount of water used in their operations, ensure that activities respect local water resources, ensure that the water they discharge into the environment is clean, engage with suppliers to promote water conservation, especially among farmers, and reach out to others on water conservation and access. Nestle is a founding signatory of the United Nations Global Compact CEO Water Mandate. It monitor and improve water efficiency through their water resources management specialists and in their factories with their environmental Nestle specialists n line with the Nestle Environmental Management System. It recognize the right of all people to have access to clean water to meet their basic needs.SWOT ANALYSIS: Strengths: The first and the most important strength of Nestle is the name of company itself. They never compromise on quality. They produce quality products according to the specification of customer. Their system of sale & sale promotion is also one of the strength of Nestle. In the area in which they want to sell the product they hold seminars and shows. In this area they monitor the sale and increase the production.They try to convince ultimate consumer. The milk collection procedure of Nestle is also one of its strength. They collect milk from selected people and check its purity at the location. Then special trucks take it to factory. Where they boil milk at 140 degree centigrade and then cool it. This process is repeated for 3 to 4 times. There milk contains 3. 5% fat, which is recommended internationally. Weaknesses: One of the weakness of nestle is the product range of Nestle. As there product line is very vast, so they cannot give equal attention toward the promotion of each product.We can take the example of candies produced by Nest le, they give absolutely no attention toward promoting them despite the fact that if we consider the trust people have on nestle brand there is a large market for candies, While they are promoting their milk products effectively. The reason behind this discrepancy is that they have limited budget to promote their products. The other weakness of Nestle is that the company has a very limited number of sales staff in the southern Punjab due to which they are losing some market. Opportunities: Nestle can increase their share if they focus on lower middle class.We can take the example of small pack of Every Day tea whitener whose introduction increases the sales of nestle tremendously. The reason for this was that the price of Every Day tea whitener was with in the range of lower middle class. So, Nestle can increase its share by focusing on lower middle class. The other opportunity for Nestle is that if they introduced milk bottle like Candia and sell them directly to the customers they can increase their share. By selling directly to customers means that they provide milk to the people at their doorsteps. Threats:In Pakistan Nestle face threats from lower companies. We can take the example Haleeb and Dairy Queen. The sales of these products have badly affected the sale of Nestle Milk Pack. Haleeb is well promoted than the Nestle Milk Pak. Nestle also face threat from Cadbury, which is multinational company. Cadbury sell candies and chocolates and it affect the sale of Nestle products in the field of candies Research & Development Nestle's research and development centers have two primary objectives: to create new products and manufacturing processes and to improve those that already exist.Along with product quality and safety, the conservation of resources and the preservation of the environment form an integral part of the development criteria for new projects. Research and development encompasses a wide range of environmentally-related activities with emphasis on: ? environmentally sound production techniques and sourcing criteria for agricultural raw materials; ? processing methods that minimize water and energy consumption, as well as waste generation ? packaging designs that reduce total waste and enable environmentally sound disposal options while safeguarding product safety and quality innovative ways to recover by-products and thus generate secondary raw materials and energy. For important product or process innovation and renovation, Nestle's research and development centers prepare an environmental impact study. This covers significant aspects in the product life cycle, from the sourcing of raw materials, through processing, to the packaged consumer product and the end-life of the packaging material. This study is carefully evaluated, in conjunction with detailed information on the potential manufacturing site, to ensure that new projects meet Nestle's environmental standards.Of the 807 million Swiss francs spent in 1998 on Nestle R throughout the Group, a good part went towards enhancing the wholesomeness of our products. Additionally, these expenditures improved our production process, created better packaging, and avoided waste and unwanted residues.R IS MAKING A DIFFERENCE As an example, significant progress has been made in recent years in energy and water intensive blanching and cooking operations. At the end of these processes water must be removed which resulted in wasted energy and raw materials — vegetables or pasta for example.Now water is replaced by steam at low pressure. As a result, water consumption was reduced by 80% and product losses during cooking were more than halved. This means lower costs for energy and for wastewater treatment, while at the same time increasing the product yield by 6%. In another example, extraction residues from the production of chicory-based instant drinks, which were expensive to dispose of, have been turned into a valuable animal feed ingredient. A recent processing improvement for french fries showed product quality can be significantly improved while also saving energy.One conclusion of R is that what is good for the environment is often synonymous with good industrial practice. Preserving Species The disappearance of many species and varieties of animals and plants is a reality. Over the past few years, this issue has attracted increasing recognition and much is being done today to preserve the earth's biological diversity. Industry plays an important role in these efforts since many business sectors depend on nature's diversity for their sustainable success.Nestle, as the world's largest single buyer of coffee and cocoa, lives up to its responsibility by developing the most advanced preservation techniques for many different coffee and cocoa varieties threatened by extinction. In addition, Nestle collaborates with public research institutes to share its experience and makes its results freely available. In the future, Nestle R&D units are determined to build environmental protection into products and processes right from the start. High on the agenda are integrated farming techniques involving minimal use of fertilizers and chemicals, and ecourse to biological pest control methods whenever possible. SUPPLY CHAIN Agricultural Raw Materials In general, Nestle is not directly involved in the production of raw materials. Wherever possible, locally available raw materials are used.They are either obtained directly from producers or purchased through trade channels. Nestle applies the following principles when sourcing raw materials: ? all raw materials must meet both legal and internal quality criteria, including limits on possible environmental contaminants; ? whenever possible, preference is given to raw materials that are produced by environmentally sound farming methods (e. . integrated crop management); and; ? farmers are encouraged to apply sustainable farming methods and, where appropriate, are provided with assistance in crop production and dairy farming.Such assistance includes the provision of recommendations for the conservation of natural resources (soil, water, air, energy, bio-diversity) and techniques for reducing environmental impact. Manufacturing Manufacturing comprises all processes that are necessary to transform perishable raw materials into safe and convenient food products for consumers. Nestle strives to achieve optimal performance in its manufacturing activities, including the nvironmental aspects. As such, the manufacturing practices of the Group: ? respect natural resources by emphasizing the efficient use of raw materials, water and energy; ? ? ? minimize the use of environmentally-hazardous substances; continuously seek improvement in the efficiency of production facilities; and reduce waste generation and emissions as much as possible, consider recycling of waste a priority and dispose of non-recyclable waste in an environmentally sound manner.Regular environ mental assessments of Nestle's manufacturing practices are conducted to: ? ? valuate factory performance; review factory compliance with applicable legislation and Nestle's own standards; ? fully investigate incidents that could affect the environment and take relevant measures; and ? compare results with previous targets and set new improvement objectives. In addition, Nestle exchanges information on environmental protection technology and practices in order to ensure a wide use of best practices. Nestle encourages its contract manufacturers to use environmentally sound manufacturing practices.Environmental Performance of Our Factories Minimizing the environmental impact of our factories has always been a prime onsideration. Therefore, we periodically review environmental performance of the entire Nestle Group. The results are very encouraging: ? ? Nestle has no major environmental problems. Nestle complies with relevant regulations or, in a few exceptional cases, has initiated act ion to do so. ? Measures taken are proactive and often anticipate future regulations. Many times, measures taken to improve the environment also reduce costs. These surveys also allow us to put concrete figures to our efforts: Over the past years, Nestle has invested an average of some 100 million Swiss francs per year in specific measures to protect the environment.This amounts to approximately 3% of total capital expenditure and includes only readily identifiable environmental investments. In addition, substantial amounts were expended as part of regular capital investment projects and factory environmental operating costs. Examples of these additional expenditures include environmental aspects related to factory construction and renovation, environmental training of personnel, and maintenance costs for wastewater treatment facilities.PackagingPackaging serves a major role in our daily lives. It protects food products from spoilage and ensures safety from manufacture through stora ge, distribution and consumption. Packaging may also provide tamper-evidence features. It communicates information, including nutritional information and serving instructions, and provides the convenience demanded by today's consumers. Nestle is committed to reducing the environmental impact of packaging, without jeopardizing the safety, quality or consumer acceptance of its products.It is Nestle's objective to develop safe and wholesome packaged foods using the most efficient and appropriate packaging materials available, while, at the same time, satisfying consumer requirements and expectations. Nestle seeks packaging solutions that: ? ? result in the lowest possible weight and volume of packages; take into account new packaging materials and processes that reduce the impact on the environment; ? avoid the use of substances that can adversely impact the environment during packaging production and disposal; ? ecrease packaging waste at all stages, including package manufacturing, u se and disposal; ? ? increase the use of recycled materials wherever possible; and increase the recyclability and compatibility of its packages with existing packaging waste management schemes. Regular assessments of Nestle's packaging are carried out and action plans are implemented. Nestle supports industrial and governmental efforts to promote integrated waste management that takes into consideration matters such as source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, energy recovery, and landfill.Nestle encourages suppliers of its packaging materials to adopt sound environmental practices. Packaging Source Reduction Packaging waste is one environmental issue that affects the entire consumer goods industry. However, the gap is wide between reality and perception: While food packaging accounts for less than 1% of total solid waste in most countries, it is highly visible to consumers. Even if the problem of food packaging is small in relation to overall environmental problems, it is nev ertheless an important issue for Nestle. The most direct opportunity to educe the scale of the problem is to use as little material as possible. This is not a recent effort by the food industry. Over the last four decades, between the 1950s and 1990s, the weight of a glass milk bottle has been reduced by 36%, a steel food can by 66%, and an aluminium beer can by 81%. Even though packaging source reduction has always been a consideration, we decided to reinforce these efforts in a more systematic way. The first world-wide environmental packaging survey was completed in 1991 for the Nestle Group and has been repeated annually ever since.The last survey revealed that by the end of 1998, Nestle, without compromising product quality, reduced our use of packaging materials by nearly 150,000 tons compared to 1990. A few recent examples that underline Nestle's efforts: In Australia the Easter Egg Novelty cartons were reduced in size by altering the design to provide support for the egg. The new design resulted in a 31% reduction in use of paper board. In Pakistan the Nestle NIDO package, which consisted of 4 bags in a display box, was replaced by an aluminium stand-up pouch. This resulted in a 39% reduction, or 47 tons, and saves 290,000 Swiss francs per year.In Indonesia the Nestle Dancow 200 and 400g display boxes were reduced in size by 18 and 25%, respectively. This resulted in a waste reduction of 38 tons and saved nearly 100,000 Swiss francs per year. In Columbia the display box for Maggi bouillon tablets was eliminated. This resulted in a reduction of 303 tons of packaging material and represented a savings of over one million Swiss francs per year. While important progress has already been achieved, we strive to continuously identify opportunities for further reduction. Distribution Distribution of products from the factory to the customer involves transport and storage.Efficient management of the distribution system is essential to preserve the safety and qua lity of Nestle's products, to ensure a high level of customer service, and to meet its commitment to environmentally sound business practices. To this end, Nestle: ? selects appropriate transportation modes, with particular attention given to optimum unit loads (pallets), vehicle-capacity utilization, route planning, and consolidation with outside partners, scheduling, and fuel conservation; ? optimises warehouse and distribution center locations and environmentally efficient operational systems; and ? dentifies and implements measures to reduce energy consumption and waste. Nestle encourages its distribution service providers to use environmentally sound practices. Distributing our goods from factory to retail centers consumes some 400 million liters of fuel each year. While we undertake every effort to reduce this, it is useful to put this figure into perspective: the distribution of 10 kg of our products from factories to retail outlets in Europerequires an average of 0. 25 liter s of fuel. To transport the same amount from the supermarket to home, consumers burn, on average, one to two liters of fuel. Efficient Container LoadingImproving transport efficiency benefits the environment, but it also makes economic sense. Seemingly simple measures, such as replacing bulky wooden pallets by thin, carton-type slip-sheets, have the potential to save more than 600 international truck journeys a year in our European operations alone. Optimizing shipping cases to fill transport vehicles without leaving gaps between differently shaped containers, together with optimal route planning, Nestle has already achieved substantial savings. Pioneering Rail Transport In countries with competitive railways, moving goods from road to rail is an effective option to reduce road congestion.For example: ? Vittel has developed a specially adapted block train concept to supply its regional terminals in France. Vittel transports nearly half of its production, or over 930 million bottles per year, by rail. ? Our Swiss, and later the Austrian subsidiary, convinced the railways to offer overnight trains to bring goods from the national distribution centers to terminal stations for local deliveries by road. Marketing Marketing is based on the principle of satisfying consumers' needs. The overall trust of consumers in Nestle's brands and products comes from a quality image that has been continuously strengthened for over 130 years.Nestle strives to increase this trust through its commitment to environmentally sound business practices. For this reason, Nestle: ? opposes short-term, opportunistic â€Å"green marketing† that can mislead the consumer; ? bases environmental claims in advertising, promotional material, labelling, and corporate communications on solid scientific evidence; and ? selects materials and printing methods for merchandising materials such as consumer offers, in-store promotions, display materials, leaflet, and printed materials in light of env ironmental considerations.No â€Å"Green Marketing† Nestle adheres to the Code on Environmental Advertising established by the International Chamber of Commerce. This Code is based on the principle of self- regulation and self-discipline and is intended to assist companies in making responsible use of environmental claims in advertising. Sustainable Development For Nestle, respect for the environment is part of a broader perspective on sustainable development. Nestle has adhered to The Business Charter for Sustainable Development of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) since its publication in 1991.Measures for environmental protection often trigger beneficial economic and social effects, and vice-versa. Since the Rio Summit in 1992, all of society, be it governments, industry, NGOs or others, have tried to translate the sustainable development concept into reality. As part of this effort, we participate in the work of several organizations dealing with this subject: F or example, we are a founding member of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) in Geneva, and we contribute actively in the Working Group Sustainable Development in the City of Vevey. Nestle Working with CommunitiesSouth Africa Nestle is supporting several community-based organizations in putting sustainable development into practice. Recently, in South Africa, we have given support to Eco Link and LEAP to finance and help manage programs which clean up the environment and improve hygiene in rural areas. The Eco Link project is aimed at providing assistance through education. People are taught to collect litter such as paper, cardboard and cans, which when put in a trench and covered with a compost can then be used to plant vegetables. The litter provides the necessary drainage and moisture retention.The project has dual advantages: it cleans up the environment and provides fresh vegetables for the family, as well as providing an income when surplus food is g rown. This program is now being presented to school children who are encouraged to grow small gardens at school. In rural areas water supply is a major problem. Women can spend almost 5 hours a day collecting water for the home. In addition, the springs from which they take the water are often used by animals and can be polluted. Nestle is taking part in a project to help villagers establish a supply of clean water near to home.People were taught how to identify sources of underground springs and to channel rain water and store it in reasonably hygienic conditions. The team taught villagers how to construct a tank to catch the rain water using corrugated iron and wire mesh as a â€Å"mould† which is then plastered with a cement, stone and sand mixture. With a wooden cover on top and a tap at the base the villagers have the means to store clean, drinkable water. Information, Communication & Training Nestle provides information on its activities, including those related to the protection of the environment.Within this context, Nestle: ? communicates its environmental efforts, both inside and outside the Company, to build understanding concerning its environmental commitment; ? fosters strong environmental awareness and responsibility among its employees through training programs; and ? shares environmental information with governments, local communities, industry, consumers and other interested stakeholders. We do this through a wide variety of means. For example, our factory environmental surveys involve thousands of people at all levels, from top management to the factory floor.These practical exercises are reinforced by in-house magazines, specialized newsletters, and videos. To help educate the public, Nestle works with organizations that produce films on environmental issues, sponsor re-forestation programs, or create educational materials for the public. These activities are also important to our role in sustainable development. At our international training center in Switzerland, environmental issues are now a regular part of courses attended by Nestle's international executives. These efforts are multiplied by countless training sessions organized by our Group companies.Internal communication and training are a priority for Nestle. As a people-driven company, employees are our most important asset. Thus, we emphasize all measures that help them act in an environmentally responsible manner. Legislation Nestle complies with all laws and regulations which apply to its activities, including those involving the environment. To promote an effective regulatory system with respect to the environment, Nestle: ? participates in legislative and regulatory discussions between international organizations, government representatives, industry, the scientific community, and consumer associations; ? ? supports appropriate voluntary initiatives designed to protect the environment; fosters rational environmental laws and regulations; opposes unjustified prohibitions and other discriminatory measures; and ? favors the harmonizing of environmental laws, regulations and standards in order to eliminate existing and future trade barriers. Nestle Environmental Management System Nestle has made systematic efforts to account for environmental concerns of all its activities.In particular, we have appointed environmental officers, issued policies, conducted environmental surveys, reinforced training efforts, developed environmental communications, and made many innovations in our packaging. To complement and integrate these efforts, we created and implemented Nestle's own Environmental Management System. The Nestle Environmental Management System (NEMS) is an essential corporate management tool that consolidates all organizational and technical measures taken by the Group to achieve environmentally sound business practices.The NEMS objectives include the following: ? to provide a systematic approach that ensures compliance with N estle's environmental policy, applicable legislation and Nestle's operational standards; ? to ensure the continuous improvement of Nestle's environmental performance, for example, through the conservation of natural resources and minimizing waste; ? to achieve compatibility with international voluntary standards on environmental management systems, such as ISO 14001 and the European Union Eco-Management and Audit Scheme; and ? o build mutual trust with consumers, governmental authorities and business partners. The Nestle Environmental Management System is being implemented throughout Nestle's entire operation. We believe NEMS will enhance our global performance and contribute to our competitiveness in the world market. NEMS in Action: Germany First EMAS Registration of a Nestle Factory at Weiding, Germany On December 19, 1995, our factory in Weiding, Germany became the first Nestle factory in Europe to be registered in the European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS).This means t hat Weiding's environmental management system and public environmental statement have been examined and validated by an external, accredited verifier. Weiding Factory Greatly Reduced Disposed Waste Even Prior to EMAS Employing around 900 people and producing more than 550 high-value products ranging from infant foods to condensed milk to chilled deserts, the Weiding factory is one of largest plants in Germany. The existence of a comprehensive waste management scheme at the factory was of great assistance in developing the new environmental management system.As part of the development of the environmental management system, environmental manuals were prepared both for the factory and Nestle Germany. These manuals provide the foundation of the system setting policies, principles, and management procedures related to the environmental aspects of the operations. In addition, a site-related environmental statement was published that included an â€Å"invitation to dialogue† addres sed to employees, authorities, clients, suppliers, the media, and neighboring communities. The EMAS registration has been successfully repeated in 1998 and complemented with an ISO 14001 ertification. Following Weiding, several other Nestle factories throughout the world have succeeded in obtaining ISO 14001 certification and EMAS registration. NEMS in Action: USA In 1996, the Danville, Virginia, USA factory was the first Nestle US factory to fully implement NEMS – which is based on and consistent with ISO 14001 Danville has shown that good environment is also good business. In the first year of implementing NEMS, the factory reduced solid waste by over 10% resulting in savings of $370,000 and reduced its wastewater impact and concentrations by 8%.These successes were made possible through the dedication of the factory employees and a strong emphasis on training and awareness. The factory implemented an environmental training program as part of the new employee orientation an d the semiannual environmental training for all employees. Waste Reduced Through NEMS NEMS Supports the Environment and Business Cumulative Savings The continuing nature of NEMS has facilitated similar accomplishments annually. To date, factory savings related to NEMS have exceeded $800,000 and solid wastes have been reduced by 41%.NEMS in Action: Philippines Part of NEMS is ensuring a high degree of employee environmental awareness. As an example, Nestle Philippines, in implementation of NEMS, prepared through an interdisciplinary task force, a highly regarded environmental training program. This program is continuously provided to groups of employees and highlights specific issues related to their job functions and protection of the environment. The success of this program is evidenced by the numerous awards received by Nestle Philippines manufacturing facilities.Most notable of these are: ? â€Å"Outstanding Healthy Workplace Award† given by government agencies including t he Department of Health, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and the Department of Labor and Employment, to the Cabuyao and Lipa Factories in 1998. ? â€Å"Mother Nature Award† given by the Pollution Control Association of the Philippines in 1998. ? â€Å"Anvil Award of Excellence† given by the Public Relations Society of the Philippines for Nestle's efforts in enhancing the environmental awareness of the public. â€Å"Most Environment-Friendly Company† Award given by the Laguna Lake Development Authority to three Nestle factories (Cabuyao, Aurora, and Alabang) in 1996. ? One of the â€Å"Greenest Company† Awards given by the DENR to the Aurora factory in 1996. The water discharge from these facilities is of very high quality. Tilapia, a fresh water fish, often harvested for food, abundantly grows in the clarifying ponds and discharge canals of their treatment facilities. Nestle Pakistan Nestle MilkPak Limited (NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.L) was incor porated in Pakistan under the Companies Ordinance, 1984 & listed on Karachi and Lahore stock exchanges since 1980. Joint venture between Nestle Switzerland and MilkPak Limited came about in 1988. Nestle Pure Life was launched in Pakistan in 1998 REGIONAL SALES OFFICES Nestle has 10 Regional Sales Offices in all over the Pakistan. : Karachi F – 77/1, Block 7,Clifton, KDA Scheme 5,Karachi, Sind, Pakistan Phone: (021) 5833935-6 Fax: (021) 5833937 Hyderabad 178, Block C, Unit 2Latifabad, Hyderabad, Sind, Pakistan Phone: (0221) 860403Fax: (0221) 863202 Sukkur F – 33/5 – CWorkshop RoadSukkur, Sind, Pakistan.Phone: (071) 615946Fax: (071) 615946 Lahore 29-B, Main Gulberg,Lahore, Punjab, PakistanPhone: (042) 5754335-6, 5761484Fax: (042) 515061 Quetta 63 B – D, Chaman Housing Scheme, Opposite Askari Park Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan Phone: (081) 834887Fax: (081) 822297 Islamabad 74-W, Yaseen Plaza, 1st Floor, Blue Area, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone: (051) 271874-75,8 24328, 824384, 274376 These offices work under their respective zonal offices Registered & Corporate Office Is in Lahore 308 – Upper Mall, Lahore PABX: 5757082-95 Fax: 5711820 Faisalabad House No. 4-Y-103 Madina Town,Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Phone: (041)726993Fax: (041) 47438 Gujranwala Plot No: 144-A, First Floor Satellite-Town Market, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Phone: (055) 3733415 Fax: (055) 3733415 Peshawar 201, 2nd Floor, City Tower, Jamrud Road, B Block,Peshawar, N. W. F. P. , Pakistan Phone: (091) 840859, 842415Fax: (091)45516 Multan Surij Miani Road, Chungi No. ,Multan, Punjab, Pakistan Phone: (061) 515061Fax: (061) 515061 Quetta 63 B – D, Chaman Housing Scheme, Opposite Askari Park Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan Phone: (081) 834887Fax: (081) 822297 Islamabad 74-W, Yaseen Plaza, 1st Floor, Blue Area, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone: (051) 271874-75,824328, 824384, 274376 These offices work under their respective zonal offices Registered & Corporate Office Is in Lahore 308 – Upper Mall, Lahore PABX: 5757082-95 Fax: 5711 SALES ORGANIZATION HIERARCHY Managing Director IAN Donald Sales Director Zafar Hussain Shah Zonal Sales Manager Ammad MalikRegional Sales Manager Abdul Mateen Khan Area Sales Manager 6 ASM Territory Incharge TI 14 Order Booker FACTORIES 250 Nestle has two factories in Pakistan for the production of different food items. One in Sheikhupura near Lahore and other in Kabirwala near Multan Product Design Product design can be defined as the idea generation, concept development, testing and manufacturing or implementation of a physical object or service The Nestle Pure Life water bottles themselves have a shaped design, sort of a hour-glass shape with larger top and bottom with indented waist.The bottom 1/3 of the bottle has ridged lines to help with hold and grip on the bottle There is a bright blue label strip that runs around Unique bottle design, developed by designer’s team, catchy self-adhesive and glossy labe l, and trendy name, give to the product the edge that is needed to be spotted on the shelves INFLUENCES UPON DESIGN ? Service Expected. ? Appearance ? Shipping Costs ? Cost to Manufacture ? consumer preferences Nestle Milkpak Ltd. As a consequence of joint venture arrangement between NestleS. A. of Switzerland and Milkpak Ltd.In 1988, the existing production facility of Milkpak in Sheikhupura became a part of Nestle Milkpak. The Milkpak Sheikhupura factory had commenced operations in1981 as a producer of UHT milk. By 1988, it had expanded its operation and was also producing butter, cream, Desi ghee – all under the brand name of MILKPAK and juice drinks under the brand name FROST. Conscious of the large food market that Pakistan offered, Nestle Milkpak drew up ambitious expansion plans. While re-organizing and re-enforcing the production of existing brands, it lost no time in giving shape to new production lines.The first to come was a milk powder plant, which not only began producing NIDO in 1990but was also critical to the production of several milk-based products in the future. With the installation of the roller dryer in1990, the first such product to come was CERELAC – an internationally recognized brand on infant cereal, followed by LACTOGEN 1 & 2 in 1991. The year 1992 saw the introduction of tea whitener EVERYDAY and milk powder in bulk packing named GLORIA. MILO and NESLAC came under production in 1994 and MILO RTD, In 1995. Local packing of coffee mixes under the name of NESCAFE 3 in 1commenced the same year.In 1996, Nestle Milkpak Ltd. first confectionery plant of POLO Mint was installed and the line of NESTL’E PURE ORANGE JUICE was also added. Packaging of coffee under the brand name NESCAFE CLASSIC was under taken the same year. In 1997 NESTL’E WHEAT and two variants of POLO viz. strawberry and Orange were introduced. 1998 has been, by far, the most outstanding year for Nestle Milkpak. As a result of the timely implemen tation of major expansion plans, involving a substantial capital outlay, no less than 17 products were launched during the year.Significantly, the factory now houses three new flavors of POLO in addition to two flavors of POLO, namely Black current and Strong Mint brought the number of POLO variants to five. A new variant Lemony was added to the range of popular FROST fruit drink flavors and a new 1-liter packing of FROST was introduced. Three flavored milk – Vanilla, Strawberry and Mango, under the brand FRESH & FRUITY, came under production on the new Tetra Filling Machine equipped with the modern â€Å"slim† format. MILO RTD and UHT Cream were also shifted over to this new format.A flexible confectionery line for the manufacture of a wide range of high and low boiled sweets and toffees was commissioned, with TOFFO and two variants of SOOTHERS – Menthol Eucalyptus and Honey Lemon, being the maiden products. Nestle Milkpak also contracted to supply dairy mixes to McDonald’s, for its popular soft serves and milk shakes. And to top it all, the most prestigious project, NESTLE PURE LIFE was also commissioned in December1998. based on the latest water treatment and bottling technology, this marked the entry of Nestle Milkpak in the Pakistan water market.In the past, Indus Fruit Products Ltd. has been co-processing fruit pulping for Nestle Milkpak. In view of the growing needs of fruit pulp for its products as well as for exports, Nestle Milk pak entered into a 5-year lease agreement with the management enables Nestle Milkpak to put in place its own systems to ensure better product quality and capacity utilization. The new cold sauces production line has been established at this plant. ESTABLISHMENT OF NESTLE MILKPAK, KABIRWALA FACTORY In 1986 Milkpak Ltd. acquired the services of Kabirwala Dairy Ltd. For co packing of UHT milk under the brand name MILKPAK.Nestle Milkpak acquired KDL in 1990 as a subsidiary and began installation on a M AGGI NOODLES plant in 1991. this production line became operational in 1992 with two flavors: Chicken and Masala. This second milk powder plant was commissioned in September 1996. the plant produces NIDO, GLORIA and skim milk powder. The UHT line was discontinued in June 1996 and the same year witnessed the launching of the MAGGI YAKHNI linewith 3 flavors: Chicken, Masala and Chatpata. With the merger of this factory with Nestle Milkpak in April 1997,Kabirwala Factory, as it is now called, is a fully owned unit of Nestle Milkpak Ltd.In February 1999 the newly installed evaporator came on stream in Kabirwala Factory, doubling the output of the spray dryer. Alongside, the warehouse capacity at Kabirwala to handle the increased volumes of finished products was proportionately increased. 1999 also saw the installation of a pouch-filling machine, making Kabirwala Factory independent from Sheikhupura . YEAR 1981 1983 1986 UHT Milk Butter Milk Desi Frost PRODUCT NAME Pak Cream Ghee Juice M ilk Pak UHT Milk 1990 Nido Cerelac 1991 Nestum Lectogen 1992 Everyday Gloria Maggis Noodles Tea Whitener 1994 Milo Neslac 1996Nestea Polo Nescafe Classic Maggi Yakhni 1997 Nestle Wheat 1998 Toffo Soothers Nestle Pure Life 1999 Maggi Fruit Butter Skotch Sauces Drops 2001 Nescafe Creamy Flavors Cream milk powder Nestle Milkpak Ltd. Market Leader Nestle Milkpak Ltd. is the market leader in food and beverage industry. They are producing high quality well known brands. There is no such competitor that can compete Nestle Milkpak Ltd . in its total product mix. There are a few local competitors of the company in different product item. These competitors are: Rafhan Rafhan is competing Nestle in infant and follow up cereals.Shezan and Bambino Shezan and Bambino is competing Nestle Milkpak’s local brand â€Å"Frost†. CDL and Adar-e-kisan: These two competitors are competing in milk and milk powder products. In spite of this competition, Nestle Milkpak Ltd. is enjoying about 70- 75% market share in Pakistan. DIVISIONS OF NESTLE MILK PAK ltd. Production Division Quality asst Department Brand wise production departments Marketing Division Customer Relation Department Distribution Department Research & Development Milk Collection Division Agriculture service Department Logistic Department HR Division Personnel departmentFinance Division Treasury department OBJECTIVES OF NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. ? The major objective of the company is to sell high quality, innovative and superior products which satisfy needs and wants of consumers. ? ? Nestle not maximize profit through high market share but use satisfaction of consumer. The health of consumer and employees is at primary priorities ? Nestle provide the pollution free enviroNestle Milkpak ltd. ent and provide the medical facilities ? ? Nestle establish policies, programs and practices to conduct operation in an enviroNestle Milkpak ltd. ntally sound manner. Nestle operate to achieve highest standard of ethical conduc t, which acquire company’s activities and relationship world-wide in each business sector. ? Nestle aim to deal only with reputable suppliers who willing to apply Nestle Quality Standard. ? Nestle has been committed to enviroNestle Milkpak ltd. entally sound business practices throughout the world. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. The top management of Nestle MilkPak continuously carries on environmental scanning and within the environmental trends.Opportunities & opportunities they carry on required adjustments in their organization to remain variable and to survive in the face of competition. CORE COMPETENCIES Nestle Milk Pak has the following core competencies. WORK FORCE Nestle Milk Pak has a small work force as their most of the operations are automated. They have a very skillful and trained workforce. FACILITIES The NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. ’s facilities i. e. offices stores and plants are very well located and have the requisite capabilities, which is a big c ompetitive advantage for them.SYSTEM AND TECHNOLOGY Nestle Milkpak ltd. is an organization which heavily depends upon new systems and technologies to excel in the market. The organization is well equipped with new developed systems and technologies especially in their operations COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES Following are the competitive priorities of NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. Consistent quality Development speed Volume flexibility QUALITY Quality is the cone competitive priority of NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. They take quality in two ways. High performance design and consistent quality. CONSISTENT QUALITYNESTLE MILKPAK LTD. pays special attention for maintaining consistent quality. They have special sort of equipments and process which facilitates in maintaining a consistent quality. So the each and every unit of its product equally satisfies its customers. DEVELOPMENT SPEED As for as develop speed is concerned NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. is the industry leader not only in Pakistan but all over the world. Th ey have a team of very innovative people which consistently focus on the development of new products and to improve the already existing products. VOLUME FLEXIBILITYVolume flexibility is one of the competitive priority of NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. When the availability of Milk is high in winter season they increase their production as the milk cannot be stored for longer period of time. In season when there is shortage of milk their production rate dropped. So they can adjust their volume of production according to their requirements. FLOW STRATEGY Flow strategy is one of the primary element of operations strategy. Based on competitive priorities a flow strategy is selected. It specifies has the operations system to be organized and handled.For different set of products different flow strategies can be implemented. LINE FLOW STRATEGY NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. has adopted the line flow strategy here the system is organized around the product. In this strategy all products follow linear pattern in facility. NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. has high volume production with highly automated facility and huge capital investment is there and the standardized products they produce. So they follow the line strategy. STRATEGIES BASED ON FLOW Following are the flow based strategies adopted by NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. MAKE TO STOCK STRATEGY NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. ollows the make to stock strategy. They have high volume production and the demand for their products can be forecasted quite well, there exist repetition of work and a consistent quality is maintained all these priorities lead to make to stock strategy. STANDARDIZED SERVICE STRATEGY The products which are provided by NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. are standardized. Therefore the standardized service strategy also exist in NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. Ltd. They have standardized and consistent quality products. PRODUCTION PROCESS Milk Collection & Reception Storing Standardization De-CreamingCooling Spray drying Evaporation Pasteurization Packing MILK COLLECTION Milk Collection system of Industry is excellent. According to this system the companies’ trucks reach 140000 milkmen and collect milk daily. The milkmen provide milk on contract basis. Prices of milk vary in case of self-collection and contract basis. On milk center price of milks is paid at Rs. 5. 80 per liter at 6% Fats. If the quality of fat is less than required 6% then price will be paid less proportionately. Percentage of FAT in Various Kinds of Milk. Buffalo 6% Fat Cow 3. 5% Goat 3% Sheep 6% Human 3. 5%At milk collection centers, Gerber Test in done for the determination of Fat. Companies are bounded to maintain 3. 5%Fats under pure Food Laws. It is legal requirement throughout the world Milk collection system of Nestle Milk Pak is excellent. According to this system milk is collected from area of about 72,000 km . Village Milk centers Sub centers Main Centers 2273 583 23 On milk centers price of milk is paid according to percentage offers. If the quality of fat is les s than required (6%) than price will be paid accordingly. At milk collection centers, gerber test is performed for determination of fat.In milk collection centers temperature of milk is kept at 4oC. Nestle purchase milk directly few frames, there is no middle man. Collection Areas are in all over Punjab Nestle Milk Pak divide the areas in following Categories: ? ? ? ? Sahiwal, Burewala, Okara etc. Pindi Bhattian, Chaniot, Sarghoda Kabir Wala, Mian Channu, Shorkot, Kahane wal, Kacha KHU Bahawalpur , Bahawalnagar, Chistian, Ahmadpur There are Area collection managers, Milk collection Cocoordinators and Milk Collection Supervisors in each Area for collection of specific amount of Milk in specific time. RECEPTIONFrom milk collection centers milk is collected and delivered to factory daily seal of tankers are properly decided. Receiving capacity of milk is 60,000 liters. At reception following tests are performed before storing milk to assure the quality of milk. 1. Alcohol precipitation test 2- Clot an boiling 3- Fat (5. 8% – 6%) 4- SNF (Solid non fat) (8. 5-8. 9) 5- PH test (6. 8 – 6. 9 Up to reception temp of milk is about 8-10oC, there is no rejection on temperature basis. Trollers are not preferred to stay more than 1. 75 Hrs. in factory so that they can in time collect milk for next day.STORING OF MILK Milk is stored in storage tanks called Silos. The capacity to store milk is 596 tons. There are 5 Silos of100 tons each, 2 Silos of 10 tons each, 1 Silo of 70 tons. Milk can be stored for 36 Hours in Silos. STANDARDIZATION All the animals have different composition of fats in their milk indifferent seasons. Standardize milk according to the recipe milk is given temperature of 72oC for 15 seconds to reduce bacteria’s in milk, this process is called thermization life of milk is increased by this process and in standardization composition of fats and SNF are standardized.DE-CREAMING In this process dirt particles, SNF and cream is separated, m ilk is given temp of 60oC and 60,000 rpm in de-creamer. So that dirt particles cream can be separated. Cream is send to butter section. Dirt is drained after 30 seconds milk is send for further processes. PASTEURIZATION In This Process milk is heated at 92 oC for 5 seconds to remove remaining bacteria’s. Milk powder process activities After pasteurization milk to treated for conversion into powder, following activities are performed to milk: Evaporation a) Low heat treatment Milk is heated at high pressure of 889 milli bar so that it start boiling at about 70 oC . (b)4-effect falling film Milk is evaporated in 4 effect system. Milk is evaporated about 56%, 62%, 67% and 75% after 1st 2nd 3rd and 4th effect respectively. After 3rd effect Homogenization is done which uneven composition of fats and SNF is homogenized Spray drying In this process there are 5 lateral high pressure nozzles which exert high pressure on milk after that there which exert high pressure on milk after tha t there are about 50% water and 50%solids are remained in milk.After this step about 320oC hot air is thrown on milk, it is very quick process in which powder settle in base and moisture evaporate in forms of vapors. Central lecithination Lecithinate is sprayed on powder so that it is converted into highly dissolvable powder. That way Nestle Milk Pak say â€Å" Nido is instant Milk† (easily dissolvable in hot ad cold water). Drying After all these procuress still powder has 5. 5 % moisture in it, Powder is dried through xEgran System to reduce moisture level up to 3. 1% Cooling After drying there is a cooling process, in which powder is cooled before storing.Storing of powder Powder is stored in bins there are 40 bins. Packing Milk is packed in different packing according to the weight required, form tote tilting station from bins. Capacity Capacity is the maximum rate of output for a facility. The operations manager must provide the capacity to meet current and future demand s; otherwise the organization will miss the opportunities for growth & profits. Capacity planning is duty of top management and it is long term . In flush season when milk is abundantly available they utilize capacity 100% as cleaning time is just 4 hours daily and 20 hours for working.Installed capacity in NIDO plant is 560 tons, it produces 4 tons / Hours & in 20 working hrs it can produce 80tons per day. In summer when availability of milk is lower they have their annual shut down (June). They have training session for employees and vacations in that time. There are certain standards for labor utilization. Efficiency of employees is calculated daily. LOCATION Facility location is the process of determining a geographic site for a firm’s operations. Nestle Pack has located one of its factories at KabirwalaREASONS FOR SELECTING THIS LOCATION PROXIMITY TO SUPPLIERS AND RESOURCES This factory has been located in this area because here the supply of milk is more than the requir ement of the local area. This factory location is immensely surrounded by Agricultural farms, villages and small towns. The people o f these areas have their own animals and the feudal of the region have their own live stock farms. So there is abundant milk available. Furthermore, by locating one factor y at Sheikhupura and the other at Kabirwala the Nestl MilkPak can cover the geographic area of milk collection very well, especially the area of whole Punjab.REPUTATION OF THE LOCATION Placing of the factory at Kabirwala is also advantageous in this way that at the current place there was actually the factory in the name of Kabirwala Dairies Ltd. (KDL). So the place has thereputation of having a milk factory. The suppliers of milk are already oriented with this location. PROXIMITY TO NATIONAL HIGHWAY Kabirwala factory is quite closer to National Highways so the transportation of Raw Material and Finished Goods is also easier. In the end we can say that the most important and critical factor for locating the facility at this place is the availability of the milk in this area.SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Supply Chain |Management seeks to synchronize a firms functions and those of its suppliers to match the flow of materials ,services and information with customer demand. A basic purpose of supply Chain management is to control inventory by managing the flows of materials. TYPES OF INVENTORIES Following types of inventories are kept by Nestle Milkpak Kabirwala: RAW MATERIALS Raw Material inventory of Nestle MilkPak consists of milk. Their Raw Material is kept in Silos . Silos are the big tanks, which are used to store the milk.Inventories of their raw materials cannot be maintained in bulk quality and for a longer period of time. The factory can store the milk up to 596000 liters. They have five silos for storing the milk all have different capacities. The milk can remain there for the period of 36 hours without loosing quality. WORK IN PROCESS INVENTORIES Work in proc ess inventories are not to huge. Whatever they put into production they stop production after its completion if there is no unusual break down. The unpacked goods inventory can be considered as the WIP inventory. The condensed milk is stored in Bins.Bins are the big boxes in which the milk powder is stored before packing it. hen through an automatic plant the milk is packed. The butter is stored in huge tubs. From where that is packed through the automatic. FINISHED GOODS INVENTORY Inventories of packaging material can also be included in WIP inventories. The packing material is purchase externally. The supplier of packing material is packag